Annular or banded ware 1770s-1840

You'd think it was pottery from the 1950s, with those bright parallel bands of colour, in fact its probably Georgian. There seems not to be a consensus in the pottery world about this stuff, the antiques dealers tend to describe it as mocha ware, the archaeologists as annular or banded ware. 

Mudlarking Finds Banded Ware Shards

I'm not altogether sure all the pieces I've found mudlarking above and below are in fact from banded slipware, but it's my best guess so far. 

Mudlarking Finds Annular or Banded Ware

Annual or banded ware, often not distinguished from Mochaware (Rufus Foshee Antiques) 

The earthenware base could have been pearlware, whiteware or creamware decorated with clay slips. The golden age of banded ware is characterised by vibrant, earthy colours. Colourants were added to watery clay, colbalt oxide for pale blues, copper oxides produced the olive greens, antimony and uranium yielded yellows and ochres, iron oxides resulted in tans and rusts, manganese was used for black and dark browns. Lead glaze amplified the earthiness of the colours. Apparently awareness of the toxicity of some of  these compounds resulted in several being phased out. So later banded ware produced in the 1850s tended to be duller using only blacks, blues, grey and whites. 

Older Banded Ware 1790-1800 (Woolhope Club) 

The more recent: 19th Century jug (louwersantiques.com) 

Annular ware was factory made, an early product of the industrial revolution and initially produced in Staffordshire. The products were mugs, jugs and bowls. Bands of slip were applied to the vessel as it was mounted horizontally onto a lathe. The introduction of engine turned lathes from the 1770s enabled a variety of geometric designs to be used, checks,dots, fluting, zigzags, chevrons, interrupted lines. 

Mudlarking Finds Checked Slipware 

Slipware Tankard 1800 (Martyn Edgell) 

Banding was often used with other decorative techniques such as the dentric seaweed patterns on mocha ware (covered in this earlier post) or marbleware. 

Mudlarking Finds Mocha ware shards

Mocha ware with slipware bands (Rufus Foshee Antiques) 

Banded ware was the cheapest pottery with colour around, unsurprisingly they were very popular and exported in large quantities to the States. In the 1830s they were referred to as 'Fancy ceramics' although potters referred to them as 'dipped'. 

Mudlarking Again

The sun was shining and it was the first day of the Easter holidays. As I sank into the front seat upstairs on the bus, I could sense my face was crumpled with work stress and my neck was stiff. A mudlark was just what I needed. 

The sunlight was startling after weeks and weeks of grey. London was quiet, people luxuriating in the Friday bank holiday still snug under duvets no doubt. It was still unseasonably cold. 

The bus was on diversion and I greedily took in unfamiliar Shoreditch streets. As we approached Old Street roundabout, I noticed a giant beachball topping one of the lower buildings. The picture below belies its giganticness. The juxtaposition was so marked it left me feeling rather uncomfortable - I like that. 

Old Street Roundabout, London (Webb Yates Engineers) 

So good to walk alongside the Thames again. This whole routine has become very comforting. Find of the day has to be two decorated pipes. The first boasts a Celtic harp, Ireland's national emblem for over 800s years. Played as the Irish went into battle, it was banned by the Brits in the 16th century, when harps were burnt and  harpists killed. Above the harp a ghostly face heads a puff of smoke, the symbolism is lost on me. The pipemakers initials B and P mark the sides of the pipe's foot. Always handy to have a few other mudlarkers around to help with identification, Brian immediately knew the shield on the second clay pipe was part of the the City of London's coat of arms, this time a K and an R on its foot. 

Another Bartmann beard beconed me, the mouldings look so defined and pristine it's hard to remember they are 300 - 500 years old.  I can't find a precise match, the closest is shown below. 

Mudlarking Find Frechen Bartmann Beard 1551 - 1700

Frechen Bartmann Jug 1551- 1700 (Museum of London) 

Over the last year I've picked up a few of these tiny circles of wire, just because they looked so perfectly made. Through reading Lara's mudlarking facebook page, I've found out they were used to hold bundles of expensive handmade brass pins from the 14th - 17th century, covered in this earlier post. 

Mudlarking finds holders for bundles of pins 14th-17th C

Couldn't resist this large and fine example of one end of a medieval strap handle, stabbed and incised to both decorate and stop the clay fracturing as it was fired, the lead glaze made green with the addition of copper and remarkably up to 800 years old. 

Kingston ware type jug 1240- 1360 (British Museum) 

It was unusual to find the decorated bottoms of a couple of Chinese export porcelain tea bowls with their makers marks underneath, is the second a couple of fish? 

Mudlarking Finds, Chinese Export Porcelain Tea Bowls. 

A couple of small pieces of Japanese Imari Porcelain covered in this earlier post, the second shard I suspect comes from the same vessel as one of the pieces in this last post. 

Mudlarking Finds Imari Porcelain 1650-1750

I do like these segments of hand painted pearlware, often surrounded by the very common shell edged designs, there is something about their naivety and modern feel that appeals. This time the shards are curved so from a bowl or chamber pot perhaps, but the one on the left looks like its from the 'Chinese house' pattern.

Mudlarking Finds Hand painted pearlware circa 1800

Below Antique English Pearlware Hand painted Dish 1790s decorated with Chinese House pattern (Ruby Lane)

Other Mudlarking Blogs

Work has consumed me for the last month, back to work full time and silly hours, so there has been little time for mudlarking, researching or writing, so this week I thought I'd promote three of my favourite mudlarking 'blogs' 

Moonflygirl

I was lucky enough to bump into Tania on one of my first mudlarking trips.  Now I'm not one for jewellery, but I make an exception for Tania's. She transforms pottery shards she finds along the Thames into the most beautiful ear rings, cuff links, bracelets and pendants.  With an astute eye she manages to choose just the right snippet of shard, slightly quirky and tantalising, always leaving you wondering what the larger pattern looked like and what once loved object they originated from. Click here for a link to  Tania's blog  and she sells her work here. I know some mudlarkers don't like the idea of people using the stuff they find for art, but I love the fact she produces beautiful things from  remnants of  our buried  grandmothers treasures, before they are washed away for ever. 

London Mudlark

Not strictly a blog, but a facebook 'page', I just love this site, it's a brilliant mix of the the things Lara finds mudlarking, tit bits about the Thames & London, good links and  she even recommends books! One of my favourites are her 'spot the find' photos. Photo by photo you slowly zoom in until her latest find is circled, it's great fun. You can find her site here, and click like to join. 

I've learnt a lot from her blog and she writes beautifully. I haven't yet met Lara down on the foreshore but hope I'll bump into her some day. 

Thames Mudlarking: Finds and Thoughts

Chafing dish 

This is Shane's blog, like me fairly new to mudlarking, I always enjoy seeing what he's found, he mudlarks in so many places along the Thames and always carefully documents where his latest finds come from.

I particularly like the flipcard view of his blog here, a good way to see all his finds and helpful when it comes to identifying yours. 

London Mudlarker

I thought I'd also mention my pinterest site. Created to bung pictures I come across during my internet trawling, as I try to figure out what I've picked up on my latest trip. It's also become a handy way to categorise my finds. 

Others might find it useful as a quick way of identifying what they've found. The link is here.

Chafing Dish

Once home, I knew I’d be determined to search until I found out what this piece of broken pottery was. I thought that strange little knob on the shard’s rim must give something away – and so it did.

Mudlarking Find: Rim Section of a Chafing Dish

The shard is quite big, its length 12cm. Yellow lead glaze covers the inside, a splash of green glaze under the handle where copper had been added looks almost accidentally placed.

Wheel made and well made with a deep robust rim and a stub protruding at right angles, all that remains of the handle. The knob rising from the rim above the handle has a small hole right through the middle, possibly where a stick had been placed before firing so this key part of the design kept its shape and place during firing.  I worked out fairly quickly  this shard came from a chafing dish, the only pottery boasting those rim knobs. Not sure where it was produced, it looks similar to the one below produced in Surrey/Hampshire borders or perhaps it was imported from France?

Chafing Dish 1550- 1700 Surrey Hampshire Ware (Museum of London) 

I immediately assumed it was a cooking vessel, similar to a pipkin or skillet.The description of the chafing dish in this picture throwing me somewhat ‘Diego Velazquez portraying an old woman poaching eggs in a glazed earthenware chafing dish over charcoal’ (Wiki) 

Diego Velazquez Woman Cooking Eggs 1618 (National Gallery of Scotland) 

I now reckon the earthenware pot, is just an earthenware pot and the chafing dish is beneath. So if I’m right – the chafing dish held the charcoal coals and not the food. Several chafing dishes I’ve tracked down seem to have holes or slits at the bottom, presumably to keep the coals bathed in oxygen and burning.

Chafing Dish Surrey Hampshire Boarders 1550- 1700 (Museum of London) 

Plates where placed on top, resting on the 4-8 knobs around the rim, to warm food or to cook food which required this type of gentle treatment. I’m assuming the gaps allowed hot air and fumes to escape, at the same time prevented the plates from overheating. They seem to be referred to as braziers in the States.

A recipe from the 1545 ‘New Booke of Cokerye’ mentions them

ake a dyche of rosewater and a dyshe full of suger, and set them upon a chafyngdysh, and let them boyle, then take the yolkes of vii or ix egges newe layde and putte them therto everyone, and so let them harden a lytle, and so after this maner serve them forthe and cast a little synamon and sugar upon them. (blogs.plimoth.org)

Like the skillet they seem to have been introduced from early Tudor times around 1480. A device that could be brought to the table to keep food warm, as described rather vividly in Wiki

‘ In 1520, Hernan Cortez reported to Charles V the manner in which Montezuma was served meals in  Tenochtitlan (now Mexico)

"He was served in the following manner: Every day as soon as it was light, six hundred nobles and men of rank were in attendance at the palace, who either sat, or walked about the halls and galleries, and passed their time in conversation, but without entering the apartment where his person was. The servants and attendants of these nobles remained in the court-yards, of which there were two or three of great extent, and in the adjoining street, which was also very spacious. They all remained in attendance from morning until night; and when his meals were served, the nobles were likewise served with equal profusion, and their servants and secretaries also had their allowance. Daily his larder and wine-cellar were open to all who wished to eat or drink. The meals were served by three or four hundred youths, who brought on an infinite variety of dishes; indeed, whenever he dined or supped, the table was loaded with every kind of flesh, fish, fruits, and vegetables that the country produced. As the climate is cold, they put a chafing-dish with live coals under every plate and dish, to keep them warm..." Gareth Dean, Medieval York 2008:140.

Jasperware 1775 - today

I've only found one weeny bit of Jasperware on the Thames foreshore. Apart from transferware it's the only pottery I was familiar with before this mudlarking thing started. Displayed in the South London suburban houses of my youth,  I knew it as 'Wedgwood' rather than Jasperware. Three decades later I haven't quite overcome my youthful allergy to it. 

Mudlarking Find: Jasperware  stoneware 

I can now at least appreciate the technical achievement. A type of refined matt stoneware, developed by Josiah Wedgwood in 1775 in his search for the secrets of porcelain. 

He named it after the stone 'jasper', the white version,  the 'base' colour of this pottery. The stoneware was then stained with oxides, either pale blue, dark blue, green, brown, black or yellow. The oxide permeated throughout in the early versions and is termed 'solid'. Costs were later cut by dipping so only the surface was coloured. 

1789-1795 Jasperware Teapot (V&A) 

Contrasting neoclassical bas- relief designs made this his trademark design and a wide range of products were produced, cameos, vases, portrait medallions and  tableware. 

Tea Canister 1795- 1800 (V&A) 

Incredibly popular, it was quickly imitated by others including Adams. It began to go out of fashion around 1811. In later years when I learnt that Wedgwood had been an advocate of the abolishion of slavery, giving large amount of money to the  cause and producing and distributing the equivalent of antislavery 'badges', his goods were suddenly imbued  with virtue.

Anti Slavery Medallion 1787 (V&A) 

Mudlarking at Greenwich

I’ve been meaning to get down to Greenwich for ages for a mudlark and got my chance with my sister Laura a couple of weeks ago. Find of the day has to be the best clay pipe I’ve found so far, with roses on one side and thistles on the other, no doubt representing England and Scotland. The pipe makers letters are in relief on the foot possibly a J and an A.

Mudlarking Find: Rose and Thistle Clay Pipe

I believe these highly decorated clay pipes were produced from the 1850s onwards. Rose and thistle pipes seem to have been made across the UK and I’ve found references to pipe makers in Portsmouth and Scotland who made them. Greenwich University mention that a rose and thistle pattern (sadly no picture) was made by a pipe maker in Deptford, just round the corner from this find, perhaps it originated there?

The Greenwich shore we visited is so different from the ones we usually graze. Much more beach like with large patches of sand and shingle. The same occasional piles of animal bones are found,  which always seem to congregate with lumps of coal and river rounded bricks.
. 

We met a delightful man who has been metal detecting for years. He explained that up until a few years ago the beach was covered in mud. The mud has been washed away by the Thames clippers, which continue to erode the remaining mud banks, washing all that history into the Thames. Good job there are a few mudlarkers who regularly sweep this stuff up and take anything important to the Museum of London. This guy was full of interesting snippets of information and finally revealed he had found the Rochester cuff link , among the top 50 archaeological finds discovered by members of public and featured in this recent TV series. 

What a place to mudlark though, those beautiful Wren buildings as a backdrop and classical music wafting about the place from the poshly named Trinity Laban Music Conservatoire.

Wren's Buildings at Greenwich (Wiki) 

 We came across several small pieces of bellamines, those German saltglazed stoneware jugs from Tudor and Stuart times.

German or English Salt Glazed Stoneware Relief Patterns 1550 - 1700

And only the second piece of gravel and slipware I’ve found, probably made in Staffordshire

Mudlarking Find: Shard from a Slip and gravel  Jug 

Slip and Gravel jug 1840 (Martyn Edgell) 

And that was it really. We finished off our morning with the perfect post mudlarking meal, traditional pies with mashed potato,  parsley gravy and hot tea.

The Perfect Post Mudlarking Lunch

Then it was on with the rest of our day. Like two excited teenagers we grabbed the front seats on the DLR train and journeyed  to Bank through that fascinating but bewildering array of pools and towers of glass and steel that make up docklands. We treated ourselves to a cream tea in the stunning 1860 Gamble Room at the V&A, the first museum cafe in the UK.

Then over to the Natural History Museum to see the wildlife photography exhibition, as wildlife is to my sister what smashed bits of pottery are to me. As we left, the afternoon light on the buildings whispered spring and was so beautiful I just had to take a pic. Great to be a tourist in your own city. 

The Natural History Museum and the V&A in spring sunlight

Skillet 1550- 1700

This was my favourite find from mudlarking trip a month or so ago. It was the completely pleasing tiny foot that did it. Roughly but somehow carefully and perfectly rendered. Soot still stains the flat base and licks the sides. The inside painted with shiny glaze, made green by the addition of copper.  The whole piece is only 4cm long, the complete vessel must have been strangely tiny. 

Mudlarking Find: Section of a  Tudor skillet. 

I'm guessing this comes from an earthenware skillet. Introduced in Tudor times and  placed on the charcoal burning stoves that begun to be used from the 16th century. Apparently it represents when cooking became more refined, necessitating smaller vessels.

Skillet 16th Century (Bridgeman Art Culture History)

Skillets are mentioned in this recipe from Hampton Court 1485- 1603

'Take a little faire warme water, as much sack, and take half flower half bread, mingle them altogether: then take five or six egges and break therein whites and all, a little nutmeg, pepper and salt and cut in appells very small then take a faire skillet with suet and let it boyle on the fire and so put the batter in it.'